Nanoparticles are particles with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, and they often require specialized techniques for analysis. Their…

Protein aggregation is the process by which protein molecules cluster together, forming aggregates. This phenomenon can affect the stability and…

Sedimentation refers to the process by which particles settle out of a fluid under the influence of gravity or centrifugal…

Zeta potential measures the electrical potential at the slipping plane of a particle in suspension. It is an indicator of…

Agglomeration is the process by which smaller particles come together to form larger clusters or aggregates. This phenomenon can significantly…

Coagulation is the process by which dispersed particles in a suspension come together to form larger aggregates. This is often…

A colloid is a type of mixture in which very small particles, ranging from 1 to 1000 nanometers, are evenly…

An emulsion is a type of colloid in which one liquid is dispersed in another immiscible liquid. These systems often…